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GK Update

Sun 23 Mar, 2025

National News

India provides humanitarian assistance to Botswana

  • India has sent its first consignment of humanitarian aid to Botswana in response to the recent floods.
  • The shipment includes approximately 10 tons of essential supplies, including medicines, surgical equipment, mosquito nets, and water purification devices.

Botswana :

  • Capital : Gaborone
  • Foundation (Independence) : 30 September 1966 (from Britain)
  • Currency : Botswana Pula (BWP)
  • Most of the area is located in the Kalahari Desert
  • Okavango Delta : The world's largest inland delta is located here
  • Location : Country located in Southern Africa, bordered by Namibia in the north, Zimbabwe in the east, South Africa in the south and Zambia in the west.

Launch of 'Catch the Rain-2025'

  • Union Minister of Jal Shakti, C. R. Patil, launched the 'Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain-2025' on March 22, 2025, in Panchkula, Haryana.
  • This campaign has been initiated with the aim of promoting water conservation and water harvesting across the country, which includes projects like 'Jal-Jangal-Jan: A Natural Bond' initiative, 'Water Resource Atlas-2025', 'Integrated Water Resource Action Plan 2025-27', and 'Online Canal Water Management System'.

Catch the Rain Campaign:

  • Start: 22 March 2021 (World Water Day)
  • Objective: To promote water conservation and rainwater harvesting
  • Coverage: Both urban and rural areas of all districts of the country
  • Implementation: National Water Mission (NWM), by Ministry of Jal Shakti
  • Action: Construction of water harvesting pits, rooftop rainwater harvesting and check dams, increasing storage capacity of tanks, removing obstructions in water flow, repair of traditional water harvesting structures etc.

Science and Technology

Agreement between Astroscale, Digantara, and Bellatrix Aerospace

  • Japan's space debris management company Astroscale has announced a partnership with two leading Indian space-tech companies, Digantara and Bellatrix Aerospace.
  • This collaboration marks Astroscale's first initiative outside Japan in the Asia-Pacific region, aiming to offer orbital services to Indian customers.

Japan Space Agency: JAXA

  • Full name: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
  • Founded: October 2003
  • Headquarters: Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
  • Major centers:
  • Tanegashima Space Center: rocket launching
  • Tsukuba Space Center (TKSC): development, operation and analysis of satellites, use of the Japanese Experiment Module "Kibo" of the International Space Station, astronaut training

Type 2 Diabetes

  • According to recent research, a new diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been linked to an increased risk of developing certain obesity-related cancers.
  • Specifically, individuals with obesity and Type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk of liver, colorectal, and endometrial cancer.

Type 2 Diabetes:

  • Type: Chronic metabolic disorder
  • Main causes: Insulin resistance and insulin deficiency
  • Organs affected: Pancreas and blood system
  • World Diabetes Day: November 14
  • Types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes
  • The study of diabetes is called "Diabetology"
  • Thomas Willis described the symptoms of diabetes in detail in 1675
  • Discovery of insulin: Frederick Banting and Charles Best in 1921
  • First description: Greek physician Aretaeus of Cappadocia (2nd century)

Economy and Banking

Decision to Remove Export Duty on Onions

  • The Central Government has decided to remove the 20% export duty on onions starting from April 1, 2025.
  • To ensure domestic availability, the government had previously implemented measures such as export duties, Minimum Export Price (MEP), and even imposed an export ban for nearly five months from December 8, 2023, to May 3, 2024.

Related Facts:

 

 

  • Despite the export ban, total onion exports during FY 2023-24 was 17.17 LMT and FY 2024-25 (up to March 18) was 11.65 LMT.
  • Monthly onion export quantity has increased from 0.72 LMT in September 2024 to 1.85 LMT in January 2025.

Sports News

Chinese Grand Prix 2025

  • McLaren's Oscar Piastri secured the first pole position of his Formula One career at the Chinese Grand Prix, held at the Shanghai International Circuit.
  • He recorded a lap time of 1 minute 30.641 seconds, making it the fastest lap ever at this circuit.
Mercedes' George Russell finished second in the qualifying session, while Piastri's teammate Lando Norris finished third.

IPL 2025

  • Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB) defeated Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) by seven wickets in the opening match of the Indian Premier League (IPL) on March 22, 2025.
  • In the match held at Eden Gardens, Kolkata, KKR batted first and scored 174 runs in 20 overs, with captain Ajinkya Rahane contributing 56 runs off 31 balls and Sunil Narine adding 44 runs.

Indian Premier League (IPL):

  • Founded: 2008
  • Founder: Lalit Modi (Former Chairman, IPL)
  • Owner: Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI)
  • Format: Twenty20 (T20) Cricket League

11th Asian Swimming Championship

  • India will host the 11th Asian Swimming Championship for the first time from October 1 to 15, 2025, at the Naranpura Sports Complex in Ahmedabad.

Related Facts:

  • Venue: Naranpura Sports Complex, Ahmedabad
  • Dates: 1 to 15 October 2025
  • Competitions: Swimming, Diving, Artistic Swimming and Water Polo
  • Participating Countries: Japan, South Korea and other Asian countries
  • Swimming Federation of India (SFI): Secretary General: Monal Choksi

Environment News

Eruption of Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki Volcano

  • The Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki volcano, located on Flores Island in Indonesia, erupted three times, sending a plume of ash up to a height of 8,200 meters (26,200 feet).

Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki:

  • An active volcanic mountain located on the island of Flores in East Nusa Tenggara province
  • A group of two twin volcanoes:
  • Lewotobi Laki-Laki (male volcano)
  • Lewotobi Perempuan (female volcano)
  • Located in the "Ring of Fire" region of Indonesia

Earth Hour

  • On March 22, from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm, Earth Hour was observed, which is a global environmental campaign. In India too, Gateway of India, India Gate, Howrah Bridge and many other landmark buildings took part in this initiative.
  • The theme of this year was "Switch Off for the Planet", which inspires to fight climate change and preserve nature.

Related Facts:

 

  • Earth Hour is a global environmental campaign organised by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).
  • The initiative began in 2007 in Sydney, Australia with the aim of raising awareness about climate change and energy conservation.

Books and Authors

'Eminent Distortions: Twists and Truths'

  • Author and journalist Utpal Kumar has highlighted some unexplored and controversial aspects of Indian history through his new book, 'Eminent Distortions: Twists and Truths'.
  • Previously, his book 'Bharat Rising: Dharma, Democracy, Diplomacy' also gained significant attention.

Related facts:

 

 

  • The book begins with the famous time capsule incident from Indira Gandhi's time.
  • The book mentions that historian Bipin Chandra also supported the emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi and blamed Jayaprakash Narayan.
  • Book name- Eminent Distorians: Twists and Truths in Bharat's History, Author- Utpal Kumar, Publisher- BLUONE INK PVT. LTD.

Honours and Awards

59th Jnanpith Award

  • Vinod Kumar Shukla has been announced as the recipient of the 59th Jnanpith Award for the year 2024.
  • He is being honored for his exceptional contribution to Hindi literature, his creativity, and distinctive writing style.
  • Shukla is the 12th Hindi writer to receive this prestigious award and the first author from Chhattisgarh to be honored with the Jnanpith Award.

Vinod Kumar Shukla:

 

 

  • Born: 1 January 1937
  • His writing is known for simple language, deep sensitivity and unique style
  • Major Novels: 'Naukar Ki Kameez', 'Diwaar Mein Ek Khidki Rehti Thi' and 'Khilega To Dekhenge'
  • Jnanpith Award: Established: 1961, First Award: Jointly awarded to Govind Trimbak Madgulkar and G. Sh. Shirke in 1965, First female winner: Ashapurna Devi (1976), First recipient: G. Shankar Kurup (Malayalam language, 1965)

Person in News

Rishabh Pant

  • Online travel portal Goibibo has appointed Indian cricketer Rishabh Pant as its new brand ambassador.
  • The campaign also features cricketer Sunil Gavaskar, who is part of an entertaining and youth-centric ad series.

Goibibo:

  • Type: Online travel portal
  • Founded: 2007
  • Headquarters: Gurgaon, Haryana
  • Founders: Sanjay Bhatia, Ashish Kashyap, Vikram Malhotra
  • Chief Marketing Officer of Goibibo: Raj Rishi Singh

George Foreman

  • American boxer George Foreman passed away at the age of 76.
  • He was born on January 10, 1949, in Marshall, Texas.
  • Foreman won the heavyweight gold medal at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics.

Related Facts:

 

 

  • In 1973, George Foreman won the World Heavyweight title by knocking out Joe Frazier in the second round, remaining undefeated.
  • In 1974, he lost to Muhammad Ali in the famous 'Rumble in the Jungle' match, after which he retired from boxing in 1977.
  • In 1987, Foreman returned to the ring after a 10-year hiatus.

Basanti Devi

  • The birth anniversary of freedom fighter Basanti Devi is celebrated annually on March 23.
  • She was a revolutionary and social activist who played a significant role in India's freedom struggle.

Related Facts:

  • Born: 23 March 1880
  • Died: 7 May 1974

Contribution in freedom struggle:

  • Played a key role in collecting gold ornaments and 2000 gold coins for the Tilak Swaraj Fund from Jalpaiguri in 1920-21
  • Arrested in the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921
  • President of Bengal Congress during 1921-22
  • In 1973, she was awarded the Padma Vibhushan
  • Husband: Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das

Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia

  • The birth anniversary of freedom fighter and socialist thinker Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia is celebrated annually on March 23.
  • He was born in 1910 in Faizabad district, Uttar Pradesh.

Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia:

  • Father's name: Hiralal Lohia, Mother's name: Chanda Devi
  • Death: 12 October 1967 (New Delhi)
  • Joined Indian National Congress (INC): 1934
  • Active participation in Quit India Movement: 1942
  • Launched the "Break the Caste" movement.
  • Envisaged the "Chaukhambha Rajya" (four pillars: village, district, province and center)

Major works and books:

  • Itihas Chakra, Bharat Vidhan Ke Guilty Kaun?, Marx, Gandhi and Socialism, History and Revolution, Wheel of History, Fragments of World Mind

Important Days

Shaheed Diwas (Martyrs' Day)

  • Shaheed Diwas is observed annually in India on March 23 to honor the martyrdom of freedom fighters Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and Shivaram Rajguru.
  • On this day in 1931, the British government executed these three brave revolutionaries, making them immortal martyrs.

Related Facts:

 

  • Bhagat Singh was born on 28 September 1907 in Banga village in Punjab. He was a prominent member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) and played an active role in revolutionary activities against the British rule.
  • Sukhdev Thapar was born on 15 May 1907 in Lyallpur (now in Pakistan). He was also an active member of the HSRA
  • Shivram Rajguru was born on 24 August 1908 in Kheda village in Maharashtra
  • Other Martyr's Day: 30 January (Death anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi)

World Meteorological Day

  • World Meteorological Day is celebrated every year on March 23, which marks the establishment of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1950.
  • This year, in 2025, the WMO is celebrating its 75th anniversary, and the theme of the occasion is: “Closing the Early Warning Gap Together”

World Meteorological Organization (WMO):

  • An inter-governmental organization
  • Total member countries: 193
  • India is a member country of the World Meteorological Organization.
  • Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
  • Affiliated organization: United Nations (UN)

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