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GK Update

Sat 22 Mar, 2025

National News

India-EU Fourth Maritime Security Dialogue

  • The fourth maritime security dialogue between India and the European Union (EU) was held on March 21, 2025, in New Delhi.
  • The objective of this dialogue was to strengthen maritime security in the Indo-Pacific region and ensure regional stability.

Related Facts:

 

 

  • Indian Delegation Leader: Muanpuii Saiawi, Joint Secretary
  • EU Delegation Leader: Maciej Stądziec, Director (Security and Defence Policy), European External Action Service
  • The third India-EU maritime security dialogue was held on October 5, 2023, in Brussels.
  • European Union (EU): Established: November 1993 (under the Maastricht Treaty), Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium

Purple Fest Event

  • A one-day 'Purple Fest' was organized at Amrit Udyan in Rashtrapati Bhavan, inaugurated by President Droupadi Murmu.
  • The fest was held to celebrate the talents, achievements, and aspirations of Divyangjans (persons with disabilities).

Major initiatives related to Divyaangjans:

  • Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan: 03 December, 2015
  • Deendayal Divyaangjan Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS): 1999 (Revised: April 2003)
  • District Disability Rehabilitation Centre (DDRC): March 1985
  • Assistance to Disabled Persons for Purchase/Fitting of Assistive Devices/Appliances (ADIP) Scheme: January 1981
  • Divya Kala Mela
  • PM-DAKSH Scheme: Year 2020-21

Annual Standardization Programme 2025-26

  • The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) will soon launch the Annual Standardisation Programme (APS) 2025-26.
  • BIS has developed over 23,000 standards so far. APS 2025-26 aims to increase the rate of adoption of these standards.

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS):

  • Established: December 1986 (under BIS Act, 1986)
  • Amendment: BIS Act, 2016 (effective from 12 October 2017)
  • Headquarters: New Delhi
  • Regional Offices: Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Chandigarh and Delhi

State Special

Asia's Largest Tulip Garden

  • The Indira Gandhi Memorial Tulip Garden in Srinagar, Asia's largest tulip garden, will open to the public on March 26, marking the beginning of the Kashmir Valley tourism season.
  • This year, the garden will showcase around 1.5 million tulips of 74 different varieties.

Related Facts:

  • Established: 2007 (by then Chief Minister Ghulam Nabi Azad)
  • Objective: To promote the tourist season in Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir:

  • Borders: Bordered by Pakistan-occupied Kashmir and China in the north, Ladakh in the east, Himachal Pradesh and Punjab in the south.
  • Bifurcated into two union territories—Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh—in: August 2019 (came into effect from 31 October 2019)

'Adopted Vehicle' Registered in India

  • The government informed the Parliament that over 96,000 vehicles have been registered as 'Adopted Vehicles' since 2020, specifically designed for Divyangjans (persons with disabilities).
  • An Adopted Vehicle refers to a motor vehicle that is specially designed or modified for use by individuals with physical disabilities.

Related Facts:

  • Minister of State for Industry, Bhupatiraju Srinivas Varma, in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha, stated that a total of 96,265 vehicles were registered as 'Adopted Vehicles' during the period from January 1, 2020, to March 19, 2025.

International News

World's Largest Natural Hydrogen Reserve

  • The world's largest natural hydrogen reserve (46 million tonnes) has been discovered beneath the soil of Folschviller in the Moselle region of France.
  • The estimated value of this reserve is $92 trillion.

Related Facts:

  • Discovery: By researchers from the Georesources Laboratory and the CNRS, who were originally looking for methane.
  • Found at a depth of 1,250 meters
  • It does not require industrial production and does not emit CO₂

Hydrogen:

  • Hydrogen (H) is a chemical element with atomic number 1 and symbol H
  • It is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe
  • The molecular form is H₂, a combination of two hydrogen atoms
  • Atomic mass: 1.008 u, Density: 0.08988 g/L (at 0°C)

UN Children's Welfare Agency Warning

  • According to the United Nations Children's Welfare Agency, due to funding shortages caused by foreign aid cuts under the Trump administration, life-saving food supplies for treating severely malnourished children in Ethiopia and Nigeria will run out in the next two months.

Related Facts:

  • This crisis threatens the lives of approximately 1.3 million children under five in Ethiopia and Nigeria suffering from severe acute malnutrition.
  • In Ethiopia, 70,000 children rely on Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) for treatment.
  • In Nigeria, 80,000 children will require these supplies by the end of this month.
  • UN Children's Welfare Agency (UNICEF) : Established: December 11, 1946, Headquarters: New York, USA

Decision to Revoke Temporary Legal Status

  • The Trump administration has decided to revoke the temporary legal status (parole status) of approximately 530,000 people from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela in the United States, according to a notice published in the Federal Register.

United States of America (USA) :

  • Capital: Washington, D.C.
  • Largest city: New York City
  • Currency: US dollar (USD)
  • National Day: 4th of July (Independence Day)
  • Continent: North America

Major Landmarks:

  • Statue of Liberty (New York)
  • White House (Washington, D.C.)
  • Grand Canyon (Arizona)
  • Disneyland (California)

EU Commission's Climate Target Proposal Postponed

  • The European Commission has postponed the 2040 climate target proposal until after the first quarter.
  • This proposal is a mid-term measure mandated by the EU Climate Law, aiming for a 90% net reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2040, compared to 1990 levels.

Sudanese Army Regains Control of Presidential Palace

  • After nearly two years of conflict, the Sudanese army has reclaimed control of the Presidential Palace in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan.
  • The conflict began in April 2023 as a power struggle between the army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

Sudan:

Capital: Khartoum Currency: Sudanese Pound (SDG) Religion: Islam (predominantly Sunni Muslim) Important River: Nile River

Economy and Banking

One Billion Ton Coal Production

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi praised the historic achievement of one billion tons of coal production in the country.

Related Facts:

  • The Ministry of Coal, in a statement on February 7, 2025, announced that India's coal production reached an all-time high of 997.82 million tons (MT) in FY 2023-24, marking a significant increase from 609.18 MT in FY 2014-15.
  • This reflects a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.64% over the past decade.
  • In FY 2023-24, coal production grew by 11.71% compared to the previous year.

East Coast Railway (ECoR)

  • The East Coast Railway (ECoR) became the first railway zone in India to achieve 250 million tons (MT) of originating freight loading in the financial year 2024-25.
  • This remarkable milestone was achieved 11 days ahead of schedule, on March 21, before the end of the fiscal year.

Related Facts:

  • In FY 2024-25, ECoR handled 228.3 million tons of freight within its jurisdiction, marking a 2.6% increase compared to FY 2023-24.
  • By March 21, 2023, ECoR had unloaded 222.4 million tons of freight in its jurisdiction.

Art and Culture

Swadesh Darshan Scheme

  • Culture Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat informed the Rajya Sabha that the central government, under the revamped 'Swadesh Darshan 2.0' scheme, has approved 34 projects with a total cost of ₹791.25 crore.

Related Facts:

  • The Ministry of Tourism launched the Swadesh Darshan Scheme in 2014-15 to develop tourism infrastructure under thematic circuits.
  • Under this scheme, 76 projects were approved across the country with a total cost of ₹5287.90 crore.

Defense News

MoU Between AFMS and NIMHANS

  • The Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS) and the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for collaboration in research and training.
  • The agreement focuses on addressing mental health issues of personnel from all three armed forces, their families, and dependents.

Armed Forces:

  • Includes: Army, Navy and Air Force
  • Command and control of Armed Forces:
  • Supreme Commander: President
  • Administrative head: Defence Minister
  • Highest military officer: Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)
  • Armed Forces Flag Day: 7 December
  • Army Day: 15 January
  • Navy Day: 4 December
  • Air Force Day: 8 October
  • First CDS: General Bipin Rawat
  • World's highest battlefield: Siachen Glacier

Honours and Awards

Awarded 'Knights Cross of the Order of Dannebrog'

  • Vijay Shankar, Chairman of Sanmar Group and Honorary Consul General of Denmark in South India, was conferred with the 'Knights Cross of the Order of Dannebrog' by the King of Denmark.
  • The honor was formally presented by Rasmus Abildgaard Kristensen, the Ambassador of Denmark, during a ceremony in Chennai, along with an official citation.

Denmark :

  • Capital: Copenhagen
  • Type of Government: Constitutional Monarchy
  • National Language: Danish
  • Currency: Danish Krone (DKK)
  • Continent: Europe
  • Residence of Head of State: "Amelienborg Palace"
  • Crown Prince/Head of State: Frederik
  • Name of Parliament: "Folketing"

Bengali drama "Nihsango Ishwar"

  • The Bengali play "Nihsango Ishwar" delivered an outstanding performance at the 20th Mahindra Excellence in Theatre Awards (META) 2025, winning in five categories.
  • These include Best Original Script, Best Stage Design, and Best Actor in a Leading Role (Male).

Related Facts:

  • The play depicts Lord Krishna's final days after the Mahabharata war and the demise of Lord Balarama.
  • It was directed by Suman Saha, who also won the Best Actor in a Leading Role award.
  • At the ceremony, writer and translator Shanta Gokhale was honored with the 'Lifetime Achievement Award'.

Important Days

World Water Day

  • World Water Day is observed annually on March 22 to raise awareness about water conservation and the sustainable use of water resources.
  • The day aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6), which aims to ensure access to clean water and sanitation for all by 2030.

Related Facts:

  • Origin: World Water Day was proposed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992.
  • Following this, the UN General Assembly designated March 22 as World Water Day starting from 1993.
  • 2025 Theme: "Glacier Preservation".
  • First Observed: 1993.

 

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