Context

• China is experiencing a significant increase in respiratory diseases, with Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) emerging as a notable cause. This virus, part of the Pneumoviridae family, is known for causing respiratory tract infections, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.

About Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)

Symptoms

• Cough, runny nose, sore throat, fever, and wheezing.
• Incubation period: 3-6 days.
• In most cases, the illness resolves within a few days with supportive care.
• Severe cases may lead to complications like bronchitis or pneumonia, requiring medical attention.

Transmission

• Modes of Transmission:
• Secretions from coughs and sneezes.
• Close contact, such as hugging or handshaking.
• Contact with contaminated objects like doorknobs, phones, or keyboards.

Prevention Measures:

• Frequent handwashing.
• Avoiding close contact with infected individuals.
• Disinfecting commonly touched surfaces.

Treatment

• No specific vaccine or antiviral exists for HMPV.
• Symptomatic treatment includes over-the-counter medications for fever and pain relief.
• Antibiotics are ineffective as the illness is caused by a virus.

Impact on India and Preparedness

Potential Impact on India

• High Population Density: Facilitates the rapid spread of respiratory viruses.
• Vulnerable Groups: Children, the elderly, and individuals with comorbidities are at higher risk.
• Healthcare Strain: Increased cases may stress healthcare infrastructure, especially in rural areas.

India’s Preparedness

Surveillance and Diagnostics:

• Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) monitors infectious diseases across states.
• Availability of diagnostic facilities in major cities and research institutions.

Public Awareness Campaigns:

• Awareness programs to educate the public on hygiene and preventive measures.

Healthcare Infrastructure:

• Strengthening facilities for respiratory illnesses.
• Stockpiling essential medications and protective equipment.

Major Diseases Caused by Viruses

Types of Viruses