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GK Update

Fri 03 Jan, 2025

 National News

31st National Children’s Science Congress

  • Chief Minister Dr Mohan Yadav inaugurated the 31st National Children’s Science Congress in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

National Children’s Science Congress

  • Programme of National Council for Science and Technology Communication (NOSTC)
  • Started in the year 1993
  • Forum for children of the age-group of 10-17 years, both from the formal school system as well as from out of school.

State Special

Unique identification for infrastructure projects in Maharashtra

  • Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis has announced that all infrastructure projects in the state will have unique identification, to help streamline the system and bring transparency.

Maharashtra

  • Foundation Day: May 1st, 1960
  • Legislative Assembly Seats: 288
  • Highest Peak: Kalsubai
  • Longest River: Godavari
  • CM: Devendra Fadnavis
  • Lok Sabha Seats: 48
  • Governor: C. P. Radhakrishnan
  • Rajya Sabha Seats: 19

Veer Savarkar College in DU

  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone for Veer Savarkar College in Najafgarh as part of Delhi University's expansion.

Delhi University

Founded in 1922 by an Act of the Central Legislative Assembly. University Chancellor: President of India

“Beyond the Badge” Podcast Series

  • The Uttar Pradesh Police launched a podcast series titled, ‘Beyond the Badge’, the inaugural episode featured an interview with retired Director General of the Crime Branch (CID) Satya Narayan Sabat.

Uttar Pradesh

  • First Chief Minister of the state: Govind Ballabh Pant
  • First woman Chief Minister of the state and country: Sucheta Kripalani
  • Present CM: Yogi Adityanath
  • Highest Peak: Amsot Peak
  • Total Districts: 76
  • Present Governor: Anandiben Patel
  • Uttar Pradesh Day: 24 January
  • First woman governor of the state and country: Sarojini Naidu
  • Largest District: Lakhimpur Kheri
  • Most Populous District: Prayagraj
  • Least Populous District: Mahoba

Constitution Gallery on the banks of the Sangam

  • President Droupadi Murmu will inaugurate a ‘Constitution Gallery’ dedicated to the Indian Constitution on the banks of the Sangam.
About Constitution of India About Constitutional Assembly
  • Adopted on: 26 November 1949
  • Came into force: 26 January 1950
  • National Flag adopted on 22 July 1947
  • Initial Constitution has 22 parts, 395 articles and 8 schedules.
  • Constitutional Advisor: B.N. Rau
  • Chairman of the drafting Committee: B.R. Ambedkar
  • Assembly first met on 9 Dec 1946
  • Total Sessions: 11

International News

Fencing at Myanmar Border

  • India has completed the fencing of over nine kilometres of its border with Myanmar at Moreh in Manipur.

Myanmar

  • Capital: Naypyidaw
  • Currency: Kyat
  • Indian States Bordering Myanmar: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram

Palestine temporarily suspended Al Jazeera broadcasts

  • The Palestinian Authority has temporarily suspended Al Jazeera broadcasts, citing incitement and biased coverage amid clashes in Jenin.

Palestine

  • Palestine is recognised by 143 countries around the world.
  • Bordering Countries: Israel, Jordan and Egypt
  • 1st Oslo Accord Sept 13, 1993: Agreement between Israeli and Palestinian leaders, each side recognise the other for the first time.

UNSC Non-permanent Member

  • Pakistan began its two-year tenure as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) for the 2025-26 term on 1 January 2025.
  • Other five countries elected as non-permanent members Algeria, Guyana, South Korea, Sierra Leone and Slovenia.

UNSC

  • Estb: 1945
  • HQ: New York
  • P5 Countries: United States, China, France, Russia, and the United Kingdom

Act of terrorism in USA

  • The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) said, “the U.S. Army veteran who drove a pickup truck into a crowd of New Year’s revelers acted alone,”an act of terrorism inspired by the Islamic State group.

United States of America:

  • Capital: Washington, D.C.
  • Largest city: New York
  • Los Angeles: Home to Hollywood
  • Las Vegas: A famous gambling city
  • Currency: US Dollar (USD)
  • National Day: 4th of July (Independence Day)
  • Continent: North America
  • Neighboring Countries: Canada (in the north), Mexico (in the south)
  • Major Rivers: Mississippi, Missouri, Colorado
  • Rocky Mountains: A major mountain range of North America.
  • Grand Canyon: A massive canyon located in Arizona.
  • Maritime Boundaries: Atlantic Ocean (east), Pacific Ocean (west)

Child Marriage Free Nepal

  • Nepal launched 'Child Marriage Free Nepal' campaign to end practice of child marriage.

About Nepal

  • Prime Minister: KP Sharma Oli
  • Capital: Kathmandu (Largest City)
  • First democratic constitution: 2015
  • Longest River:Karnali
  • Currency: Nepalese rupee
  • Bordering Countries: India and China

Economy and Banking

Employment

  • According to the Labour and Employment Ministry, over 17 crore additional jobs were created from 2014 to 2024, growth of 36% during the last ten years.

Sectors of Economy

Primary Sector
  • Activities are undertaken by directly using natural resources.
  • Agriculture, Mining, Fishing, Forestry, Dairy etc. are some examples of this sector.
Secondary Sector
  • Industries where finished products are made from natural materials produced in the primary sector.
  • Industrial production, cotton fabric, sugar cane production etc. activities come under this sector.
  • Tertiary Sector/Service Sector Activities help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
  • They are an aid or a support for the production.
  • This sector jobs are called white collar jobs

5 lakh dollars aid to Vanuatu

  • India has provided five lakh dollars aid to Vanuatu for relief and reconstruction after a 7.4 magnitude earthquake struck its coast in December 2024, causing significant destruction and loss of life.

Vanuatu

Capital: Port Vila Currency: Vanuatu Vatu Continent: Oceania

10-minute Ambulance Service in Gurugram

  • Blinkit launched a 10-minute ambulance service in Gurugram, operational with five fully equipped ambulances

Blinkit

  • Parent organization: Zomato
  • Founded: 27 December 2013
  • Formerly: Grofers (2013–2021)
  • HQ: Gurgaon, Haryana

India: 6th largest exporter of textiles

  • India is a sixth-largest exporter of textiles and apparel worldwide, holding a 3.9% share in global trade, also makes up 8.21% of India’s total exports.

Schemes related to Textiles sector

  • Scheme for Integrated Textile Park (SITP): 2005
  • National Technical Textile Mission: (2020-21 to 2023-24)
  • PM-MITRA: 2023
  • Amended Technology Up-gradation Fund Scheme (ATUFS): 2016

Environment and Biodiversity

India’s first-ever ‘Coastline-Waders Bird Census’

  • India’s first-ever ‘Coastline-Waders Bird Census’, jointly organized by the Department of Forest and the Bird Conservation Society, has begun at Marine National Park and Sanctuary in Jamnagar, Gujarat.

Protected Areas in Gujarat

  • Gir National Park
  • Black buck National Park
  • Vansda National Park
  • Marine National Park
  • Nal Sarovar Birds Sanctuary
  • Jessore Sloth Bear Sanctuary
  • Rampara Wildlife Sanctuary
  • Thol Wildlife Sanctuary

Lahore: World’s most polluted city

  • According to IQAir’s latest rankings, Lahore has been declared the world’s most polluted city, with an Air Quality Index (AQI) score of 354. Karachi, Pakistan ranked 13th on the list, with an AQI of 164, categorizing it as “Unhealthy.”

IQAir

Founded: 1963 Headquarters: Goldach, Switzerland

Science and Tech

Coimbatore Scientists Developed Nutrient-Rich Sugarcane Juice Powder

  • Scientists at the Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore have prepared sugarcane juice powder full of nutrients, which has made it possible to taste sugarcane juice in every season.

 

Sugarcane Breeding Center of Indian Council of Agriculture Research: Karnal, Haryana

Project VISTAAR

  • Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) collaborated with the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer Welfare on Project VISTAAR (Virtually Integrated System to Access Agricultural Resources), to improve the efficiency and efficacy of agricultural extension systems through digitalisation.

Project VISTAAR

It is an open, interoperable, and federated network dedicated to agricultural information and advisory services, with a mission to empower farmers and enhance their farming practices for better, sustainable livelihood.

Nano-formulation of Melatonin

  • Researchers have found that a nano-formulation of melatonin, a hormone produced by the brain in response to darkness, could be a promising treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Parkinson Disease

 

Parkinson’s is a neurological disorder caused by the loss of brain cells that produce dopamine, leading to problems with movement and coordination.

IIT Bombay developed bacteria to combat soil pollution

  • Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay have developed a bacteria capable of consuming toxic pollutants in the soil and producing essential nutrients as byproducts.
Inorganic soil contaminants are trace elements:

arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and radionuclides.

IIT-G and the Bose Institute developed injectable hydrogel for cancer treatment

  • Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati (IIT-G) and the Bose Institute, Kolkata have developed an advanced injectable hydrogel for localised cancer treatment.

Hydrogels

3-D networks composed of hydrophobic polymers synthesized by crosslinking water-soluble polymers.

Awards and Honours

National Sports Awards 2025

  • The awardees will receive their awards from the President Droupadi Murmu at Rashtrapati Bhavan on 17th January, 2025.

Awardee

Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award
  • D Gukesh (World Chess Champion), Manu Bhaker (Double Medalist in Paris Olympics 2024), Harmanpreet Singh (Indian Hockey Team Captain) and Praveen Kumar (Gold Medalist in Paris Paralympics).

Arjuna Award: 32 Sportspersons

  • Athletes Jyothi Yarraji and Annu Rani, Boxers Nitu and Saweety, Chess player Vantika Agrawal, Hockey players Salima Tete, Abhishek, Sanjay, Jarmanpreet Singh and Sukhjeet Singh. Para-Archer Rakesh Kumar, Para Athletes Preeti Pal, Jeevanji Deepthi, Ajeet Singh and Sachin Khilari, Para Shuttler Thulasi Murugesan.
Arjuna Awards (Lifetime)
  • Veteran Athlete Sucha Singh and veteran para swimmer Murlikant Petkar.

Dronacharya Award

  • Para-Shooting coach Subhash Rana, Shooting coach Deepali Deshpande, Hockey coach Sandeep Sangwan, Badminton coach S Muralidharan and Football coach Armando Agnelo Colaco.

Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar

  • Physical Education Foundation of India .

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy

  • Chandigarh University, Lovely Professional University and Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

Important Days

DRDO Foundation Day

  • Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) celebrated its 67th foundation day on 1st January.

DRDO

Estb: 1958 HQ: New Delhi Chairman: Samir V. Kamath

Person in News

Khalid Khurshid Khan

  • An anti-terrorism court in Pakistan sentenced Gilgit-Baltistan’s former chief minister Khalid Khurshid Khan to 34 years in prison for threatening the region’s security agencies.

Pakistan

  • Capital: Islamabad
  • Currency: Pakistani Rupee
  • Border between India and Pakistan is known as the Radcliffe Line, named after Cyril Radcliffe.

K.S. Manilal

  • Dr. K.S. Manilal, the esteemed botanist who brought the ancient botanical treasure Hortus Malabaricus to the modern world, passed away on January 1, 2025, in Thrissur, Kerala.

K.S. Manilal

Awarded Padma Shri in 2020 for contributions to science and engineering.

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