Context

• The recent collision of a passenger train with a goods train at Kavarapettai near Chennai has given rise to discussions on the need for 'kavach' systems in trains. 
• This incident highlights the need for Traffic Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS).

'KAVACH' System

• Kavach is an indigenously developed, state-of-the-art train protection system designed by Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) in collaboration with three Indian contractors.
• It aims to prevent train accidents and make rail travel safer.

How does it work?

• Automatic Braking: If two trains come too close to each other, the Kavach automatically applies the brakes to the trains, thus preventing a collision.
• Signalling System: This system sends signals to the train driver, giving them constant information about the speed and position of the train.
• Safety: The Kavach has a number of safety features, such as over speed alarm, point failing alarm, etc.

Components: 

Installation of the Kavach system involves three essential components:

• First Component: Use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in railway tracks.
• Second Component: The locomotive, known as the driver's cabin, uses an RFID reader, a computer and brake interface equipment.
• Third Component: It includes radio infrastructure such as towers and modems at railway stations to improve the functionality of the system.