• On September 11, 2024, the Union Cabinet approved the Mission Mausam, aimed at transforming India into a "Weather-Ready and Climate-Smart" nation. With a budget outlay of ₹2,000 crore over two years (2024-2026), this mission seeks to strengthen India's weather and climate observation, forecasting, and dissemination capabilities.

Key Objectives of Mission Mausam:

• Establishing modern weather surveillance systems, enhancing weather prediction and early warning systems.
• Improve temporal and spatial coverage of weather data by increasing the resolution of atmospheric observations.
• Install advanced radars and satellites with state-of-the-art instrument payloads.
• Implement powerful computing systems to analyze large data sets and improve forecast accuracy.
• Develop advanced Earth System Models and AI/ML-driven methods to enhance weather forecasting.
• Innovate technologies for managing weather risks and minimizing damage from extreme events.
• Create a state-of-the-art dissemination system for delivering weather information to citizens, communities, and stakeholders.
• Train human resources to handle new technologies and systems for effective weather management.

Key Infrastructure Under Mission Mausam:

• By 2026, the mission aims to establish:
• 50 Doppler Weather Radars (DWR) for high-resolution weather data.
• 60 Radio Sonde/Radio Wind Stations to improve upper atmosphere observation.
• 100 Disdrometers for precipitation monitoring.
• 10 Wind Profilers and 25 Radiometers to monitor atmospheric conditions.
• 1 Urban Testbed and 1 Process Testbed for advanced research.
• 1 Ocean Research Station and 10 Marine Automatic Weather Stations for oceanic weather data collection.

Expected Outcomes of Mission Mausam:

• Enhanced weather forecasts for extreme events such as cyclones, floods, and heatwaves, enabling better disaster preparedness.
• Improved air quality data for real-time pollution control strategies.
• Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to complement physics-based numerical models for better accuracy and faster processing of forecasts.
• A robust network of radars, radiometers, and profilers for real-time monitoring and forecasting of weather conditions.
• Enhanced weather services will lead to significant economic and social benefits by improving resilience to weather-related hazards across sectors such as agriculture, infrastructure, and public safety.

Implementation Structure:

Mission Mausam will be primarily implemented by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) through three key institutions:

• India Meteorological Department (IMD)
• National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF)
• Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM)

These institutions will collaborate with:

• Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS)
• National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT)
• National and international academic and research organizations.

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