Context -

• An earthquake of magnitude 6.4 was recorded in the north-western region of Nepal on November 04, 2023. Its epicenter was at Lamidanda in Jajarkot district. This area is about 402 kilometers north-east of Nepal's capital Kathmandu.

Earthquake -

• The waves generated by earthquakes are called seismic waves, which move on the earth's surface.
• These are measured with ‘Seismographs’.
• Earthquakes are a type of endogenic process.
• The place below the earth's surface where the epicentre of the earthquake is located is known as the hypocenter and the place above the earth's surface where the seismic waves reach first is known as the epicenter.
• The intensity of earthquakes is measured on the Richter scale. Richter intensity is based on logarithmic scale. Whose numbers are numbered between 1-10.
• Each number represents an increase of 10 times the amplitude on the seismograph.

 Distribution of earthquakes:

• Trans-Pacific Seismic Belt ("Ring of Fire")
• Central Continental Belt: Alpine-Himalayan Belt
• Mid Atlantic Ridge

 Types of geological waves -

There are two types of seismic waves.

1. Primary waves 2. Secondary waves

 Nepal

• Capital: Kathmandu
• Currency: Rupee (NPR)
• President: Ram Chandra Paudel
• Prime Minister: Pushp Kamal Dahal